Iron Versus Steel Properties
Stål är en järnprodukt, som i sig har två separata typer: gjutjärn och smidesjärn. Samtliga tre av dessa metaller har olika kvaliteter, kompositioner och fördelar.
Sammansättning
Vad som skiljer stål och järn är mängden kol som de innehåller. Smidesjärn innehåller minst kol, och gjutjärn innehåller det mest kol. Stål passar i mitten med avseende på kolhalt. Kol är en determinant i metallens hårdhet och brittlighet.
Brottgräns
Draghållfasthet är ett mått på hur mycket ett ämne motstår ansträngningar att riva det ifrån varandra. Gjutjärn har minst draghållfasthet och stål har störst draghållfasthet. Smidesjärn har en större draghållfasthet än gjutjärn, men det är inte så starkt som stål.
Kompressionsstyrka
Kompressionsstyrka är ett mått på hur mycket ett ämne motstår krosskrafter. Smidesjärn är minst resistent mot kompression, och stål är det mest motståndskraftiga mot kompression. Gjutjärn kännetecknas också av ett starkt motstånd mot kompression, men det är inte lika motståndskraftigt som stål.
svetsbarhet
Metall som är svetsbar används lättare för att skapa strukturer som består av flera metallsektioner. Smidesjärn är lättast svetsbart. Stål med lägre kolhalt kan svetsas, men det är inte en lätt uppgift. Gjutjärn kan inte svetsas.
oxidation
Oxidation är ett annat sätt att säga rost. Ju mer en metall motstår oxidation, desto längre kan metallet ligga utomhus. Bland de tre metallerna rustar stål lättast, medan gjutjärn är mest motståndskraftigt mot oxidation.
Sprödhet
Skört metall bryter plötsligt och utan varning. Gjutjärn och stål är båda mycket spröda metaller. Smidesjärn är mer flexibelt och tenderar att ge sig långsamt bort med tecken på varning.
FAQ - 💬
❓ What are the 4 differences between iron and steel?
👉 Factors like strength, durability, corrosion, cost, versatility and sustainability are the key differences between the two, and the reason why steel is favoured as the material of choice for construction. Steel is an alloy composed of elements like carbon and iron.
❓ Why do we use iron instead of steel?
👉 Iron is easier to cast than steel due to its lower melting point. More carbon can result in a higher casting temperature which makes it more expensive to cast. Steel is an alloy, meaning it's a blend of both iron and carbon but usually is less than 2.5% carbon compounds.
❓ Why is steel strong compared to iron?
👉 There's a little more carbon in steel than there is in pure iron since it's an alloy. Steel becomes more durable as its carbon content rises. As a result, steel is stronger than iron because it contains more carbon, which allows it to endure greater pressures than iron can.
❓ How strong is steel compared to iron?
👉 In fact, pure iron has a yield strength of around 7250 psi, while steel is never below 30,000 psi and usually closer to 50,000 psi. However, iron is a very strong metal, and that's why it's such a crucial part of the makeup of steel.
❓ How can you tell iron from steel?
👉 Try the magnet test, steel is generally magnetic due to it being mainly iron – if the magnet attracts it, it is most likely steel.
❓ Why is iron not used in building?
👉 Answer and Explanation: Pure iron is not very useful because it is very soft and brittle. This means it bends and breaks easily and so it cannot be used to build structures or for anything that will have to support weight.
❓ Why iron is not used in construction?
👉 Also, iron is capable of lifting a load of different things at the same time. However, iron used in construction of bridges experiences rusting due to the action of moisture and water. Rusting and corrosion can severely damage the properties of iron making it unfit to serve as the bridge.
❓ Why steel is not used in construction?
👉 The cost of steel construction cannot be compared to that of using wood or concrete. While some types of steel might be affordable, high-quality steel types tend to cost more. For instance, although strong and highly durable, stainless steel is rarely used as a primary construction material due to its high cost.
❓ Why is steel not much stronger than iron?
👉 Something made of pure iron is softer than steel because the atoms can slip over one another. If other atoms like carbon are added, they are different from iron atoms and stop the iron atoms from sliding apart so easily. This makes the metal stronger and harder.
❓ What is heavier iron or steel?
👉 Structurally, steel is lighter than iron, which gives steel a substantial advantage in the construction industry, in terms of building costs and weight of the structure.
❓ Is iron the strongest metal?
👉 Tungsten, which is Swedish for "heavy stone," is the strongest metal in the world.
❓ What is the difference between steel and iron?
👉 Steel is stronger than iron (yield and ultimate tensile strength) and tougher than many types of iron as well (often measured as fracture toughness). The most common types of steel have additions of less than .5% carbon by weight.
❓ What are the pros and cons of steel and iron?
👉 Namely cost, corrosion, versatility, durability, and strength. Strength. Steel is unquestionably stronger than iron. This is because it’s a more dense material. Steel has entirely replaced iron in the creation of houses, buildings, railways, and many other objects. Steel is more lightweight than iron.
❓ What is steel made from?
👉 As we noted above, steel is actually derived directly from iron. Iron containing under 2 percent of carbon in this conversation is called steel, and iron that contains over this amount is known as pig iron. Pig iron can be further processed to reduce the carbon percentage, and this can help you obtain steel.
❓ What is the difference between cast iron and carbon steel?
👉 The main difference between cast iron and carbon steel is the carbon content. Cast iron contains over 2% carbon, while steel contains less than 2% carbon. However, steel can also contain other elements like chromium.